Application of ulnar nerve diameter changes examined by HRUS in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the value of high-resolution ultrasound the diagnosis and prognosis of cubital tunnel syndrome.@*METHODS@#From January 2018 to June 2019, 47 patients with cubital tunnel syndrome were treated with ulnar nerve release and anterior subcutaneous transposition. There were 41 males and 6 females, aged from 27 to 73 years old. There were 31 cases on the right, 15 cases on the left, and 1 case on both sides. The diameter of ulnar nerve was measured by high-resolution ultrasound pre-and post-operatively, and measured directly during the operation. The recovery status of the patients was evaluated by the trial standard of ulnar nerve function assessment, and the satisfaction of the patients was assessed.@*RESULTS@#All the 47 cases were followed up for an average of 12 months and the incisions healed well. The diameter of ulnar nerve at the compression level was (0.16±0.04) cm pre-operatively, and the diameter of ulnar nerve was (0.23±0.04) cm post-operatively. The evaluation of ulnar nerve function:excellent in 16 cases, good in 18 cases and fair in 13 cases. Twelve months post-operatively, 28 patients were satisfied, 10 patients were general and 9 patients were dissatisfied.@*CONCLUSION@#The preoperative examination of ulnar nerve by high-resolution ultrasound is consistent with the intuitive measurement during operation, and the result of postoperative examination of ulnar nerve by high-resolution ultrasound is consistent with follow-up results. High-resolution ultrasound is an effective auxiliary method for the diagnosis and treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome.

Effect and mechanism of human dental pulp stem cells-derived exosomes on lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury / 军事医学

Objective To investigate the protective role and underlying mechanism of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)-derived exosomes against lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) induced acute lung injury ( ALI) in pulmonary alveolar macrophage(PAM) cells of rats.Methods DPSCs were cultured in the complete culture medium , and their supernatants at passage 6 were collected after serum-free medium treatment for 24 hours.Exosomes were extracted and purified with ultracentrifugation .Rat PAM NR8383 was cultured in 12-well plate and treated with LPS of 1μg/ml alone or together with exosomes.The supernatants were then collected at 0, 6, 12 and 24 h respectively after treatment .Inflammatory cytokine levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukins (IL-1βand IL-6) in the supernatant were measured by ELISA assay and the expression and phosphorylation level of MAPK (p44/42), NF-κB and IκBαin cell lysates were detected with Western-blotting.Results Compared with control group , the content of TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6 increased significantly in LPS group (P<0.05), which indicated that the inflammatory cell model was induced successfully .The levels of TNF-αand IL-1βwere obviously attenuated after a high doses of exosomes treatment (P<0.05), and the expression of IL-6 was markedly suppressed after low and high doses of exosomes treatment (P<0.05), compared with the group of LPS treatment alone.The phosphorylation of NF-κB, IκBαand p44/42 was significantly inhibited after treatment with the DPSCs-derived exosomes.Conclusion DPSCs-derived exosomes may have a potential protective effect on LPS-induced ALI, and the underlying mechanism is that the activity of MAPK (p44/42) and NF-κB/IκBαpathways are eliminated by DPSCs-derived exosomes.

Removal of lipopolysaccharides from anti-complementary crude polysaccharides of Houttuynia Herba / 中国中药杂志

An Affi-Prep Polymyxin column was combined with a Phenyl Sepharose column and a Sephacryl S-300 column, respectively, to remove the lipopolysaccharides(LPS) in the anti-complementary crude polysaccharides of Houttuynia Herba. The contents of LPS in the polysaccharides were determined by chromogenic tachypleus amebocyte lysate(TAL)method during the procedure of purifying. The anti-complementary activities of the polysaccharides were also compared before and after the removal of LPS. Less remanent LPS was detected after purified using Penyl Sepharose combined with polymyxin column, with the clearance rate of 42.85%. All the columns had no effect on the anti-complementary activity of the polysaccharides. Penyl Sepharose combined with polymyxin column would be sound for LPS removal of the anti-complementary polysaccharides without reducing their bioactivity.

Effects of neuro-immuno-modulation on healing of wound combined with local radiation injury in rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>To investigate effects of neuro-immuno-modulation on wound healing by observing changes of cytokines and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormones in acute stress reaction in rats with wound and combined local radiation injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty female Wistar rats (weighting 200 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into normal control group, wound group and combined wound-local radiation (CWR) group (25 Gy local radiation post wound), 20 rats in each group. Contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ and IL-4 in serum were measured and changes of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and glucocorticoid (GC) in serum were analyzed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunologic assay, respectively at different time points post wound and radiation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The level of IFN-γ, one of the Th1 cell cytokines increased significantly at 14 d post CWR, which was markedly higher than that in control group and wound group. However, the level of IL-4, IL-1β and IL-6, one of the Th2 cell cytokines, did not show obvious change. (2) Ratio of Th1/Th2 (IFN-γ/IL-4) in wound group and CWR group increased significantly at 7 d after wound and radiation, which suggested that Th1/Th2 balance drifted to Th1 immune response. The ratio of Th1/Th2 in wound group returned to the normal level up to 14 d after the wound and radiation, while the Th1/Th2 ratio in CWR group increased persistently and was much higher than that in control and wound groups. (3) Level of serous ACTH and GC in CWR group increased at 3 d post wound and radiation, and among them, level of GC showed statistically significant increase, which was much higher than that in control and wound groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Level of serous neurohormone GC in rats increased significantly immediately after wound and radiation; while the level of IFN-γ showed significant increase only up to 14 d after wound and radiation, and the Th1/Th2 imbalance sustained till 28 d post wound and radiation. In order to reduce acute damage caused by CWR, organic immune system and nerve system showed up a marked regulate effects simultaneously and mutually. Nonetheless, the excessive stress induced by CWR causes disturbance of immunoregulation, which is one of the key reasons for delayed wound healing in CWR.</p>

Functional and structural recovery of injured spinal cord following delayed X-irradiation in rats / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To test the hypothesis that delayed X-irradiation can enhance the functional and structural recovery of the injured spinal cord in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, 35 rats in each. The control group sustained a one-minute clip compression (force of clip was 30 g) injury of the spinal cord at the T2 level, without X-irradiation. The experimental group received X-irradiation 14 days after injury. Neurological function was assessed by the modified Tarlov method, including hind limbs movement, inclined plane, and pain withdrawal. These tests were performed in a blinded fashion at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after injury. At 43 days after injury, histological examination of the injured spinal cord was performed following decapitation of the rats.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixty-two rats met the experimental requirements (spinal cord injury was similar), 32 rats in experimental group and 30 rats in control group. Statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in hind limbs movement and inclined plane (P < 0.01), but not in the pain withdrawal test. The edema and necrosis areas of injured spinal cords in experimental group were less than those in control group, and axons in experimental group were significantly more than those in control group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Delayed X-irradiation following spinal cord injury may enhance functional recovery by improving and restoring structural integrity of the injured spinal cord in rats.</p>

Inhibition of multidrug resistance gene 1 expression in glioma by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effectiveness of phosphorothioate multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (MDR1-AS) suppressing MDR1 expression in multidrug-resistant glioma cell line C6/adr.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The glioma cell line C6/adr served as the tested model in vitro, MDR1-AS (5'-CTCCATCACCACCTC-3'), complementary to the -9- +6 sequence of first exon, was synthesized and phosphorothioate-modified. As control of sequence specificity, MDR1-S (5'-GAGGTGGTGA TGGAG-3') was used. Both antisense and sense oligodeoxynucleotides were transduced to C6/adr cells by lipofectin. The cytotoxity of MDR1-AS was tested using morphological observation and 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to monitor the expression levels of the MDR1 mRNA in the different groups. The positive rate of the MDR1 gene product P glycoprotein (P-gp) was determined by flow cytometry assessment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No cytotoxicity of MDR1-AS was observed. The MDR1 mRNA expression level was decreased from 106% to about 30.44% 48 h after MDR1-AS treatment. The P-gp positive rate of MDR1-AS treated C6/adr cells decreased from 100% to 32.77%, with that of C6/adr cells considered as 100%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MDR1-AS can effectively inhibit MDR1 expression in the C6/adr cell line at both the mRNA and protein level, and may be an alternative treatment of drug-resistant gliomas.</p>

Inhibition of multidrug resistance related P-gp expression in human neuroblastoma by antisense peptide nucleic acid / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficiency of a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) delivery system by using liposome via PNA-DNA hybrids and to test the inhibitive action of antisense PNA on expression of multidrug resistance (MDR) related P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two antisense PNAs were designed targeting at MDR-1 mRNA and then combined with partially complement DNAs respectively. The hybrids were delivered into cells using cationic liposome. The transfection efficiency, expression of P-gp and MDR-1 mRNA, intracellular adarimycin (ADM) were measured by flow cytometry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Transfection of PNA increased the cell average fluorescence intensity significantly and the extent of increase was dependent on the concentration of PNA. After being transfected by both PNAs, P-gp expression of SK-N-SH cells decreased significantly and the intracellular ADM level was increased by about 3 times. The level of MDR-1 mRNA expression slightly decreased after transfection, but no statistical significance was observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PNA can be delivered into tumor cells in form of PNA-DNA hybrids by cationic liposome. Properly designed antisense PNA can inhibit MDR related P-gp expression of SK-N-SH cells efficiently and specifically.</p>

Neurogenic pulmonary edema in head injuries: analysis of 5 cases / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the pathophysiology and study the diagnosis and clinical management of neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of 5 patients who developed NPE after head injury treated in our hospital form December 1995 to May 2003 were collected and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients developed dyspnea and respiratory failure 2-8 hours after neurologic event. Four of the 5 patients presented with pink frothy sputum. Chest radiography showed bilateral diffuse infiltrations in all the 5 patients. After supportive measures such as oxygen support and pharmacologic therapy, 4 patients recovered in 72 hours and one patient died.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The pathophysiologic mechanisms of NPE is unclear. In acute respiratory failure following head injury, NPE must be given much attention and timely and effective measures should be taken.</p>

Expression and switching of TH1/TH2 type cytokines gene in human gliomas / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression and switching of Th1/Th2 cytokines gene in human gliomas and its effects on occurring and developing of human gliomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-gamma represent Th1 type cytokines. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 represent Th2 type cytokines. The gene expressions of Thl/Th2 cytokines in human glioma cells, glioma infiltrating lymphocytes, and glioma cell lines were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The biological activity of cytokines in the supernatant of glioma cell lines was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total positive rates of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines gene in human glioma cells were 14.77% and 75%. The total positive rates of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines gene in glioma infiltrating lymphocytes were 22.73% and 68.17%. There was obviously predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines in human glioma tissues, glioma infiltrating lymphocytes, and glioma cell lines. There was no unbalanced expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in normal brain tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is a predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines in human glioma cells. The switching of Thl/Th2 cytokines gene may play an important role in the occurring and developing of human gliomas.</p>

Rat model for the multidrug resistant glioma cell line / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the animal model of the multidrug resistant glioma cell line C6/adr for further in vivo studies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rat glioma cells C6 and multidrug resistance cells C6/adr were cultured in vitro and implanted into the brain of S-D rats. After implantation, all these animals were examined continually with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological examination. The growth procedure of intracranial implanted glioma and the survival span of the animal model were evaluated. The statistical analysis was made between the survival data of the two cell lines.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The symptoms of intracranial hypertension did not occur until 4 weeks after inoculation. The MRI findings of the implanted glioma in the rat brain were much earlier than the abnormal behavior observed. Pathological results after inoculation demonstrated the MRI findings. The two cell lines had similar growth characteristics and no significant differences in survival times.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results suggest that by means of MRI and histology the growth procedure of the implanted glioma in vivo be successfully observed. All these data will proved to be a useful basis for study of glioma in vivo.</p>

The study of biological properties of gliomas / 中国医学科学院学报

In order to explore the new methods of biological treatment of human gliomas, this project is to study the biological properties of gliomas from four different aspects, the results show that there is a IL-6 autocrine loop in human gliomas and the growth of gliomas will be inhibited when the autocrine loop is broken. There is a magnificent predominant expression of Th2 cytokines in human gliomas and human glioma cells, the switching of Th2 to Th1 can inhibit the proliferation of glioma cells. The dosage of 100 micrograms/ml of erythromycin is the best of therapeutic effect. Angiostatin can not only inhibit the vascular endothelial growth, but also have the inhibitory role on the growth of glioma cells in vivo. The above studies have provided some new ideas and will be very helpful for the treatment of glioma patients.

Study of X-irradiation to enhance the functional and structural recovery of the injured spinal cord of rat / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore whether X-irradiation can enhance the functional and structural recovery of the injured spinal cord of rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats received spinal cord injury by clip compression at the T2 level were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group received X-irradiation at 14 days after injury, the control group did not receive X-irradiation. The functional tests were performed at day 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 after irradiation including open field movement, inclined plane and pain withdrawal test. All injured rats were sacrificed at 43 days after injury and the injured spinal cords were taken out for histological tests.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixty-two rats met the experimental requirements among 70 injured rats, 32 rats in experimental group and 30 rats in control group. Statistically significant difference was achieved between two groups in open field movement and inclined plane (P < 0.01), but not for the pain withdrawal test. The edema and necrosis area of injured spinal cords of experimental group were less than those in control group, and the number of axons of experimental group were more than those in control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>X-irradiation can enhance the functional recovery by improving and restoring structural integrity of the injured spinal cord.</p>

Establishment of drug-resistance cell line of human glioma mediated by MGMT / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a drug-resistance cell line of human glioma mediated by MGMT.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Simulated the clinical usage of BCNU to establish a BCNU-resistant human glioma subline by cyclic exposing the U251 parent cells to a constant concentration of BCNU. The resistance index and the expression of MGMT mRNA of U251/BCNU were detected and compared the difference of in vitro proliferation between U251 and U251/BCNU.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A subline--U251/BCNU was successfully established in about 4-month culture, which had a stable resistance to BCNU. U251/BCNU cells showed 17-fold higher resistance to BCNU than did U251 cells by MTT assay, while U251/BCNU cells expressed MGMT mRNA. The doubling time of U251 and U251/BCNU had no statistical difference.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A drug-resistance cell line of human glioma mediated by MGMT is established, which could provide experimental basis for further studies on the resistance mechanism and reversal methods of glioma chemotherapy.</p>